Discogenic back pain is back pain that originates from a damaged spinal disc. Spinal discs sit between the bones of the spine (vertebrae) and act as cushions that absorb shock and allow the spine to move.
Over time, discs can weaken, lose hydration, and develop small tears. These changes may cause inflammation and pain. Discogenic back pain most often affects the lower back (lumbar spine).
This condition differs from a herniated disc, where disc material pushes outward and compresses a nerve.
Symptoms of discogenic back pain may include:
Symptoms often develop gradually and may become worse with certain movements or positions.
Discogenic back pain usually develops when spinal discs begin to break down.
Common causes include:
These changes can cause the disc to become a source of pain.
Diagnosis begins with a medical history and physical examination to evaluate pain patterns and spinal movement.
Imaging tests may be used to identify disc damage, including:
In some cases, discography may be performed. This test injects contrast dye into a disc to determine whether it is the source of pain.
Treatment usually starts with conservative care.
Common treatment options include:
For moderate to severe pain, interventional pain management treatments may be recommended, such as targeted spinal injections.
Surgery is rarely required and is usually considered only when other treatments do not relieve symptoms.
If symptoms persist despite conservative care, surgical intervention may be considered. Minimally invasive procedures may be used to decompress an irritated nerve or stabilize the affected disc. Surgery is typically reserved for severe or persistent cases.
