Rotator Cuff Injury

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Overview

A rotator cuff injury affects the group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder and allow arm movement. These structures help lift and rotate the arm.

Over time, the rotator cuff tendons can become irritated, weakened, or torn. This can lead to shoulder pain, weakness, and limited movement.

Rotator cuff injuries are common, especially with aging or repetitive overhead use of the arm.

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Symptoms

Common symptoms of a rotator cuff injury include:

  1. Shoulder pain, especially when lifting the arm overhead
  2. Pain at rest or at night
  3. Weakness in the arm or shoulder
  4. Limited range of motion
  5. Clicking, popping, or grinding with movement
  6. Difficulty lifting or rotating the arm

Symptoms may worsen with activity or repetitive use.

Causes

Rotator cuff injuries are usually caused by wear and tear or strain on the shoulder.

Common causes include:

  1. Age-related degeneration of the tendons
  2. Repetitive overhead movements in sports or work
  3. Heavy lifting or manual labor
  4. Sudden injury from a fall or accident

These factors can lead to inflammation, tendon damage, or tears.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis begins with a medical history and physical examination. A doctor will assess shoulder movement, strength, and areas of tenderness.

Imaging tests may include:

  1. X-rays to detect bone spurs or arthritis
  2. Ultrasound to evaluate tendons in real time
  3. MRI scans to assess soft tissue damage and tears

These tests help determine the severity of the injury.

Treatment Options

Treatment usually starts with conservative care.

Common treatment options include:

  1. Rest and activity modification
  2. Over-the-counter pain medications
  3. Cold therapy followed by heat therapy
  4. Physical therapy to restore strength and mobility

If symptoms persist, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation.

Surgery may be required in severe cases, especially with significant tendon tears or loss of shoulder function.

When to Seek Evaluation

Persistent lower back pain, neck pain, or radiating nerve pain should not be ignored. Early evaluation allows for proper diagnosis and targeted treatment, helping prevent progression and long-term complications.