Osteoarthritis is a condition that occurs when the cartilage in joints breaks down over time. Cartilage normally cushions the ends of bones and allows smooth movement.
As the cartilage wears away, the bones begin to rub against each other. This can lead to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced movement. Osteoarthritis commonly affects the knees, hips, lower back, and hands.
The condition develops gradually and can worsen over time.
Osteoarthritis symptoms often develop slowly and may include:
Pain often improves with rest and worsens throughout the day.
Osteoarthritis is most often caused by age-related wear and tear, but other factors can contribute.
Common causes and risk factors include:
These factors can lead to cartilage breakdown and joint damage.
Diagnosis begins with a medical history and physical examination. A doctor will evaluate joint pain, swelling, movement, and function.
Tests may include:
Imaging findings may not always match the level of symptoms.
Treatment focuses on reducing pain and improving joint function.
Common treatment options include:
Additional treatments may include:
Surgery may be considered in advanced cases when other treatments no longer provide relief.
