Epidural steroid injections have been a pain management technique since 1952 and are an invaluable non-surgical approach for treating certain ...

Platelet-rich plasma, or PRP, is a general term referring to a variety of treatments in which a patient’s blood is ...

The sensation of pain is the result of complex interactions that involve all levels of the nervous system, from sensory ...

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight molecule naturally found in the cartilage and synovial fluid of the knee ...

Despite the fact that it affects most cancer patients, healthcare professionals often view pain as a secondary priority when treating oncological issues [1, ...

Although many patients worldwide report increased joint sensitivity in the summer months each year, research on environmental effects on arthritis ...

Chronic pain is defined by “pain lasting longer than the expected period of healing,” and most clinicians consider pain to be chronic ...

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a treatment for chronic pain that uses electrical stimulation to bring relief. In the minimally invasive, outpatient implantation procedure, a small electrode ...

Pain is one of the most universal sensations that all humans experience at one time or another during their lifetimes. ...

One of the most innovative methods being developed today to treat chronic pain (CP) is gene therapy (GT) [5]. As indicated in Vega-Loza et al., “approximately ...

Spinal pain is currently one of the largest healthcare burdens in the United States. In 2013, it was estimated that ...

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neurological condition associated with paroxysms of pain in the face [1, 2]. The pain is ...