Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or dysfunction of the nerves. It affects the somatosensory system, which is responsible for sensing touch, temperature, pressure, and pain.
Unlike typical pain from injury or inflammation, neuropathic pain comes from abnormal nerve signals. It can be chronic and may occur without an obvious trigger.
Symptoms vary depending on the type of nerve involved but may include:
In some cases, patients may also experience changes in sweating, temperature sensitivity, or digestion.
Neuropathic pain can develop for many reasons, and more than one factor is often involved.
Possible contributing factors include:
In some cases, no clear underlying cause is identified.
Diagnosis is based on a medical history and physical examination.
Doctors may evaluate:
Tests such as blood work or ultrasound may be used to rule out other causes, such as infection or other underlying nerve conditions.
Treatment focuses on reducing pain and improving quality of life.
Common treatment options include:
Additional therapies may include:
In more severe cases, advanced treatments such as nerve procedures or neuromodulation may be considered.